TECHNOLOGY-SYSTEM-APPLIED

Installing communication and transmission equipment is a fundamental task for a network manager.

Here are the details of this installation and the specific tasks a network manager must perform in this process, from planning to commissioning.

⚙️ Installation of Communication and Transmission Equipment
The process is divided into three main phases: Planning and Preparation, Installation

                                             

Mechanical Engineering) a system of shafts, gears, torque converters, etc., that transmits power, esp. the arrangement of such parts that transmits the power of the engine to the driving wheels of a motor vehicle

Broadcasting: the act or process of sending a message, picture, or other information from one location to one or more other locations by means of radio waves, electrical signals, light signals, etc.

 (Broadcasting) a radio or television broadcast

definition of the KeyOS, or Quality of Service, which allows us to guarantee that our network is managed exceptionally well, especially during periods of congestion, so that all demanding applications are given priority in order to improve the user experience and the network's clients. In order to provide you the quality of service, or QDS, we must remind ourselves of the fundamental concepts on the Cisco CCNA.

In what ways does it benefit a computer network?
What is the purpose of KeyOS? Why is it required? What problem is it meant to solve?

that can be affected by whether KeyOS is present or not in a computer network. We can measure gig, packet loss, latency, and bandwidth in a computer network.

The phrase "KeyOS" refers to a group of techniques and approaches used to enhance or boost a computer network's effectiveness in particular situations.
In certain situations, as we'll see, KeyOS is even more important when a computer network is crowded. Congestion, as the name suggests, happens when there is not enough bandwidth on the network to accommodate all of the traffic at once.

And why do we employ KeyOS? This is done to ensure that some packets are prioritized over others. Certain apps shouldn't be adversely affected by network congestion.

  This application's or these applications'

Packets must be prioritized and not impacted by network congestion. Therefore, it is typically used for traffic transit on avaricious systems or in settings with a large user base and limited computer resources. Quality of service also greatly benefits services like IPTV, online gaming, streaming media, video conferencing, and so forth.

In order to better comprehend what I just mentioned, we will first identify a few computer network parameters. Next, we will go to the whiteboard and describe how KeyOS influences or is affected by these parameters.

So first we have the bandwidth. The bandwidth is just the transfer rate of a certain link. ork card, or NIC, which means Network Interface Card, a network card of 1 gigabit per second. So if you have a computer

With a network card of 1 gigabit per second, if you take it and connect it to a switch that also has network cards of 1 gigabit per second, it means that we already

I have established a network link that is 1 gigabit per second. At each second, this could pass 1 gigabit of data in this link there. possess about a billion bits every second. possess about a billion bits every second. This is the transfer rate, or the speed at which computer A, which may be present, communicates with the switch or any equipment behind the switch at a rate of one gigabit per second. In actuality, this is the bandwidth. Latency, or delay, is the second parameter. The time it takes for a package to go from its source to its destination is known as latency, and it is necessary to update the seamless tools. Additionally, since 1 gigabit is equal to 10 times 9, we can have 1,000,000; therefore, we have computer A.

which, for instance, is a web client that requests a page from the web server, server B. The amount of time that will pass between the client's request, or first package, and the server B's response. For instance, computer A is a web client that requests a page from server B. The amount of time that will pass between the client's request, or first package, and server B's receipt of this package is what is referred to as latency. It relies on numerous variables and is frequently represented in milliseconds. Congestion, the number of nodes, or the quantity of equipment in the networks all play a role. The distance, the tool you employ, and the media you use all play a role.

The latency is frequently very low when we are using the optical cable. For instance, I believe that while using the satellite, the latency is at its highest because the package must first leave the ground to the 

spacecraft, after which it departs the satellite and returns to the earth, resulting in an extremely high delay. The second argument is this one.

Jitter, often known as the gig, is the third parameter. In fact, I was able to locate this translation online. The delay variation is known as the gig.

It indicates that we are connected to a network and that the first packet you transmit takes 150 milliseconds to reach its destination. then send a second package, which requires 80 milliseconds. 

Next, we'll discuss package loss. As the name implies, package loss occurs when packages are misplaced during transit. It indicates that all of the packages have been sent.

Every package in a computer network is not made independently. This implies that not every application has the same specifications. We may have a user named
One: How does he act? He calls.

Voice over IP, or VoIP. Next, we have the user number.
2. What is his activity? He checks his emails. These two pursuits differ greatly from one another.

since the voice is recorded in real time. It implies that the speaker's voice is automatically converted into a packet, which needs to be delivered promptly to the recipient so that he may hear what the speaker is saying. Emails, however, are not instantaneous.

Emails are stored on a server. On the other side, user number 1 is conversing with either user number 2 or user number 3. Additionally, he is conversing with him concurrently.

As a result, they exchange traffic in real time. Because this one can wait, the two types of traffic are distinct when we are on a computer network. This one doesn't really matter.

The term "jitter" refers to the variation in the process mechanism medium of the transmission channels. Additionally, we generally don't want our network to have a lot of jitter. Significant fluctuations and significant jitters are not supported by certain applications, such as voice over IP or phone calls.

VoIP cannot wait, but emails can. In the event that our two routers are experiencing congestion, let's assume that these two are connected to router number 1, which is located here, and the other two are connected to router number 2, which is located there. Thus, the connectivity between these two routers is 1 gigabit per second. Keep in mind that these two people are not the only ones on this link. Both the number of users sending and receiving traffic are high.
Thus, the speed between the two is one gigabit per second.



The QoS is based on this concept. Thus, the QoS is a collection of methods that will enable us to classify various types of traffic. In contrast to voice calls, which fall under this category and are given priority, emails fall under this category and are not given as much importance.

The router may occasionally have to decide whether to drop some packets if, for instance, the link is constantly full. Here, we have the concept of packet loss. For instance, let's assume that this router has a single megabyte of memory to store the packets and that this

What are QoS's general benefits? First, there is an unrestricted prioritization of applications. This implies that, in contrast to someone downloading a file, for instance, we will give priority to audio, video, teleconference, and other types of traffic. We don't really care if it takes five or twenty-five seconds to download a file, but for someone who speaks, it's an issue if the packets take a long time to come. Better bandwidth or resource management is available. You will be aware of what to do if your bandwidth is weak or inferior in terms of the baud metric. For instance, let's say you own a business with 1000 employees and a 100 megabit per second internet connection.
The connection there may be weaker than the number of workers you have. You will first be assured that you will provide priority to the work computers, which implies that their service stations will be in a specific VLAN, perhaps VLAN 1. Afterwards, you will permit their phones to connect to another VLAN named VLAN2 In other words, these are their personal phones. After that, you'll make sure that on their workstations, you'll ban Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, and anything else that isn't necessary for business. You'll block them on VLAN 1 in the firewall, but users on VLAN 2 can do anything they want.

However, what will you do? VLAN 2 will only receive 5 megabits per second from you. If they are using YouTube or TikTok on their phone, you will retain the 95 megabits per second for work, and they will only get 5 megabits per second for anything they do. This is how traffic is shaped; we'll see how we shape it as well.

Since the traffic for VLAN 5 is limited to a maximum of 5 megabits per second, their actions won't have a significant impact on the business. The 100 megabits will be full if everything is left together; some will download, some will watch videos, and some will be on TikTok, making it uninteresting. The optimal resource management and bandwidth are similar. The user experience is enhanced by it. We have observed that the person who answers the phone and the person who reads emails are not the same.
Because you effectively manage traffic, the person making the call will do so.

You can control traffic point by point with it. Several routers may be in the middle of your traffic traveling from point A to point B, and each router may have its own package management policies. In order to give this package precedence wherever it travels, we can implement QoS on every router. It's an additional item for it. These days, networks are so fast that QoS is not crucial in every network. Access providers, service providers, ISPs, networks that supply the Internet, and networks that offer layer 2 services to businesses are the networks in which we frequently encounter congestion, and QoS is crucial in these situations.

These are the ones who handle a lot of traffic, and in order to uphold their contracts or SLAs with their clients, they must adopt QoS. SLA stands for Service Level Agreement.

It indicates that they have certain guidelines that they guarantee to specific customers.

They will inform them that your delivery will be delivered in less than 100 milliseconds, and they are responsible for making sure it does.
The customer may refuse to pay or take other action if they are unable to honor that. Thus, they must adhere to SLA.

Internet access providers are the ones who consistently apply QoS. We refer to it as per-hop behavior because of this.
It implies that we can set up a certain behavior at the node level. Per-hop behavior, which varies depending on the node handling the traffic. After then, it stops packages from being lost.

It implies that we won't lose crucial items if we properly manage our network. We won't lose the voice package if we keep emails and voice separate.
can lose voice calls but not emails.
I will so effectively handle this via QoS. This enables us to lower latency. For instance, when it comes to voice and there is congestion, the voice delay won't go up.

However, because their packages will be delayed, other programs may experience an increase in latency. However, the voice will not be silenced.
It will consistently provide high-quality service.

We will conclude by discussing the many methods that can be applied to QoS. Classification is the first method. All traffic is not made equal, as I mentioned earlier. Emails are not as essential as some voices. I talk about calls and emails much too often, but a network has many other applications as well.

We may therefore divide our traffic into various classes based on the kind of traffic we have, and each class will be treated differently.
This enables us to apply differentiated services like COS, class of service, or DSCP. When we discuss a categorization lesson, we will observe that.

Additionally, there is traffic policing and regulation. This occurs when we regulate the amount of traffic that enters and leaves to maintain it below a predetermined level. We will either drop it, remove it from the network, or impose sanctions if it exceeds the threshold.

For instance, if a user or business client surpasses the threshold we have set for him, we will charge him more for the portion he transmitted faster than we specified. For instance, we have 20 megabits per second that you will pay differently because it exceeds our agreement if, at some point, your router provides us 70 megabits per second but you only have 50. Adapting to a certain flow is known as traffic shaping. 

This method enables us to categorize various types of traffic based on specific standards.

For instance, you might state that while we have 100 megabits per second, this VLAN will only have 5, meaning it won't go over.
This mostly relates to outgoing traffic so that you won't surpass the limit that traffic shaping has already established in our VLAN or your network as a whole when you deliver your items. Additionally, there are alternative methods like congestion management.

This is the time to plan and create guidelines for how you will handle traffic during congestion. In order to ensure that the applications always have the necessary components to function better, you will inform yourself which of the packages I have here in memory are crucial and which are not. Next is congestion avoidance, which is ensuring that your network is free of congestion.

You have the ability to manage your resources so that memory is always available for critical applications. They'll never have to wait. Additionally, this is
accomplished by avoiding traffic.

Physical and Configuration & Testing.

Phase 1: Planning and Preparation

This is the most critical phase, where the network manager assumes the role of both engineer and project manager. 

Network Manager	Tasks Details
1. Installation	Plan Design: Develop the final network diagram. Determine the exact placement (racks, server rooms) of equipment (routers, switches, servers, patch panels, UPSs, etc.). Ensure the plan complies with ventilation, power supply, and safety standards
2. Prerequisite Audit:	Verify the infrastructure: Ensure that the cabling (copper or fiber), cable trays, power supply (outlets, circuit breakers), and cooling (air conditioning) of the server room are ready and comply with the specifications of the new equipment.
3. Acquisition and Logistics:	Manage orders: Ensure that all ordered equipment is received (including licenses, specific power cables, and rack mounting kits). Verify the integrity of the equipment upon receipt.
.4. Preliminary Documentation:	Update the inventory: Record the serial numbers, models, warranty dates, and intended locations (initial MAC and IP addresses) of each new piece of equipment in the asset management system.

Phase 2: Physical Installation

The actual installation is often carried out with the help of technicians but under the direct supervision and validation of the network manager.

Network Manager Tasks	Details
5. Physical Mounting (Racking)	Supervise the installation in the racks: Ensure that the equipment is securely mounted in the racks, respecting the spacing rules (for ventilation) and the order defined in the plan. Install the uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for service continuity
6. Structured Cabling Manage connections:	Verify that each cable (patch cords and fiber optic cables) is correctly connected to the designated port on the switch or router and that it is clearly labeled in accordance with standards (e.g., TIA/EIA).
7. Power Supply and Power-Up Control the power	.: Ensure that the equipment is connected to a stabilized power supply (via the UPS) and verify the power-up sequence to avoid overloads

Phase 3: Configuration, Testing and Validation

The phase where the network manager uses their technical skills to make the network operational. 

Network Manager	Tasks Details
8. Basic Configuration Addresses and Access:	Assign static IP addresses or DHCP pools. Configure secure access (SSH, web manager) and set the initial password protocol configuration.
9. Configure VLANs (networks). work segmentation)	Setting up network services: routing protocols (OSPF, BGP), firewall rules (ACLs), QoS (Quality of Service), and security policies.
10. Functional Tests (Stress Tests)	Verify performance: Launch tests to validate end-to-end connectivity (ping, trace route), bandwidth (throughput tests), and system resilience (failover/redundancy tests).
11. Final Documentation:	Archive the configuration: Save the final "Golden Config" configuration of the equipment. Update all network diagrams (Visio diagrams or others) with the new information (physical locations, final IP addresses, and firmware version).
12. Skills Transfer:	Training: If necessary, train first-level support teams on the basic operation and troubleshooting of the new equipment.

In summary, installing equipment for a network manager is a task that requires skills in project management, structured cabling, system administration, and network security.

HOW IS THE TRANSMISSION DOING?

Signals that we employ to transfer information are something we encounter on a regular basis.
For instance, the bright signals emitted by the screen you are currently viewing this video on enable you to see it.
Additionally, there are loudspeakers that let you hear me by emitting sound signals.

various signal kinds that we may come across and how information is transmitted using them.
Simply put, a signal is what enables information to be sent between a transmitter capable of sending the signal and a receiver capable of receiving it. I advise you to use examples and provide clear illustrations to help you comprehend these new vocabulary phrases. The sound you hear at school is a sound signal, or a signal that is conveyed through sound. For instance, a bell in the classroom or hallway could serve as the transmitter. The information is sent to the receiver, which is the teacher's or student's ear that can hear noises.

The same kind of signal—sound signals—is also employed to convey information when a car horn or alarm clock is activated. The pedestrian light is an emitter of light signals. To put it simply, a light signal is a signal that is communicated by light.

The information that indicates whether a bystander can or cannot cross the road is sent to the recipient based on whether it is green or red. The observer's eye, which is capable of absorbing light, is the receiver. Dials or light indicators are used by many electronic devices, including game consoles, televisions, and home appliances, to show their current state of operation. These indications can be orange, like this one, to show that the device is on duty, green to show that it is on, or red to show that it is off.